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Energy supply for water electrolysis systems using wind and solar energy to produce hydrogen: a case study of Iran

Mostafa REZAEI, Ali MOSTAFAEIPOUR, Mojtaba QOLIPOUR, Mozhgan MOMENI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 539-550 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0635-x

摘要： Due to acute problems caused by fossil fuels that threaten the environment, conducting research on other types of energy carriers that are clean and renewable is of great importance. Since in the past few years hydrogen has been introduced as the future fuel, the aim of this study is to evaluate wind and solar energy potentials in prone areas of Iran by the Weibull distribution function (WDF) and the Angstrom-Prescott (AP) equation for hydrogen production. To this end, the meteorological data of solar radiation and wind speed recorded at 10 m height in the time interval of 3 h in a five-year period have been used. The findings indicate that Manjil and Zahedan with yearly wind and solar energy densities of 6004 (kWh/m ) and 2247 (kWh/m ), respectively, have the greatest amount of energy among the other cities. After examining three different types of commercial wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) systems, it becomes clear that by utilizing one set of Gamesa G47 turbine, 91 kg/d of hydrogen, which provides energy for 91 car/week, can be produced in Manjil and will save about 1347 L of gasoline in the week. Besides, by installing one thousand sets of X21-345 PV systems in Zahedan, 20 kg/d of hydrogen, enough for 20 cars per week, can be generated and 296 L of gasoline can be saved. Finally, the RETScreen software is used to calculate the annual CO emission reduction after replacing gasoline with the produced hydrogen.

关键词： wind energy solar energy water electrolysis hydrogen production Weibull distribution function (WDF) Angstrom-Prescott (AP) equation

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核电厂的抗震设计输入及AP1000核岛隔震课题简介

夏祖讽

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 52-56

摘要： style="text-align: justify;">首先简单介绍了世界各国核电厂抗震输入的概况，同时提及了法国、日本及我国相关部门对核岛基础隔震的一些探索，接着重点涉及上海核工程研究设计院针对AP1000

关键词：核电厂抗震设计 AP1000 基础隔震

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Effects of podocin transfection on CD2AP distribution in HEK293 cells

SHA Yugen, HUANG Songming, ZHANG Aihua, ZHAO Fei, CHEN Ronghua

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 35-38 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0007-0

摘要： The aim of this paper is to construct a podocin fluorescence expression vector and observe the effects of podocin transfection on CD2AP distribution in HEK293 cells. The pGEMT-easy vector containing the full-length cDNA encoding human podocin was cloned and digested with HI and I. The digested full-length podocin was subcloned into pEGFP-C2. The constructed plasmids were transfected into HEK293 cells and its effects on CD2AP distribution were observed by immunofluorescence. The pEGFP-NPHS2 expression vector was successfully constructed and podocin exclusively located on the HEK293 cell membrane. After podocin transfection, CD2AP redistributed from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells. It can be concluded that podocin can recruit CD2AP to redistribute from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells.

关键词： pEGFP-NPHS2 expression transfection pEGFP-C2 cytoplasm digested

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氧化石墨烯掺杂增强Al@AP/PVDF亚稳态复合物燃烧性能研究 Article

陈书文, 唐得云, 张雪雪, 吕杰尧, 何伟, 刘佩进, 严启龙

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第9期页码 1019-1027 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.014

摘要：这种复合材料由铝（Al）、高氯酸铵（ammonium perchlorate, AP）和聚偏氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF）组成，其中Al作为燃料，AP和PVDF共同作为氧化剂，并根据最大反应放热量确定AP和PVDF的添加比例。氧化石墨烯的加入提高了Al@AP/PVDF的反应速率并改善了其热稳定性。掺杂0.2%氧化石墨烯的Al@AP/PVDF使得火焰传播速率达到了4.76 m·s^–1，相对于Al@AP/PVDF的火焰传播速率提高了约10.7%。掺杂氧化石墨烯的Al@AP/PVDF（Al@AP/PVDF-GO）具有更好的界面接触和颗粒分散性，从而提高了传热速率，消除了纳米铝（nano-Al）粉微粒的团聚现象，提高了燃烧反应速率。

关键词：亚稳态分子间复合材料 Al@AP/PVDF纳米复合材料氧化石墨烯能量释放燃烧性能

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NIG-AP：一种自动化渗透测试新方法 Regular Papers-Research Articles

Tian-yang ZHOU, Yi-chao ZANG, Jun-hu ZHU, Qing-xian WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第9期页码 1277-1298 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800532

摘要：为了从攻击者视角发现网络中存在的所有攻击路径，提出一种基于网络信息增益的攻击规划算法（NIG-AP），该算法将渗透测试过程形式化为马尔科夫决策过程，并利用网络信息构建回报函数，并指导代理从入侵者角度发现隐藏的攻击路径

关键词：渗透测试；强化学习；经典规划；部分观测的马尔科夫决策过程

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coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system in AP1000

Zhimin QIU, Daogang LU, Jingpin FU, Li FENG, Yuhao ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 860-871 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0744-1

摘要： Passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX), which is a newly designed equipment in the advanced reactors of AP1000 and CAP1400, plays an important role in critical accidental conditions. The primary and secondary side coupling heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) determine the capacity to remove core decay heat during the accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and develop applicable heat transfer formulas for optimized design. In the present paper, an overall scaled-down natural circulation loop of PRHRS in AP1000, which comprises a scaled-down in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and PRHR HX models and a simulator of the reactor core, is built to simulate the natural circulation process in residual heat removal accidents. A series of experiments are conducted to study thermal-hydraulic behaviors in both sides of the miniaturized PRHR HX which is simulated by 12 symmetric arranged C-shape tubes. For the local PRHR HX heat transfer performance, traditional natural convection correlations for both the horizontal and vertical bundles are compared with the experimental data to validate their applicability for the specific heat transfer condition. Moreover, the revised natural convection heat transfer correlations based on the present experimental data are developed for PRHR HX vertical and lower horizontal bundles. This paper provides essential references for the PRHRS operation and further optimized design.

关键词： passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) C-shape tube revised heat transfer correlations coupled natural convection

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Comparison of the performance of traditional advection-dispersion equation and mobile-immobile model

Haizhu HU,Xiaomin MAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 241-248 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016108

摘要： The traditional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the mobile-immobile model (MIM) are widely used to describe solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. However, the fitness of the two models is case-dependent. In this paper, the transport of conservative, adsorbing and degradable solutes through a 1 m heterogeneous soil column under steady flow condition was simulated by ADE and MIM, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results show that MIM tends to prolong the breakthrough process and decrease peak concentration for all three solutes, and tailing and skewness are more pronounced with increasing dispersivity. Breakthrough curves of the adsorbing solute simulated by MIM are less sensitive to the retardation factor compared with the results simulated by ADE. The breakthrough curves of degradable solute obtained by MIM and ADE nearly overlap with a high degradation rate coefficient, indicating that MIM and ADE perform similarly for simulating degradable solute transport when biochemical degradation prevails over the mass exchange between mobile and immobile zones. The results suggest that the physical significance of dispersivity should be carefully considered when MIM is applied to simulate the degradable solute transport and/or ADE is applied to simulate the adsorbing solute transport in highly dispersive soils.

关键词： solute transport advection dispersion equation (ADE) mobile-immobile model (MIM) conservative solute adsorbing solute degradable solute PHREEQC-2

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Optimal design of extractive dividing-wall column using an efficient equation-oriented approach

Yingjie Ma, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Cuiwen Cao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 72-89 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1977-y

摘要： The extractive dividing-wall column (EDWC) is one of the most efficient technologies for separation of azeotropic or close boiling-point mixtures, but its design is fairly challenging. In this paper we extend the hybrid feasible path optimisation algorithm (Ma Y, McLaughlan M, Zhang N, Li J. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2020, 143: 107058) for such optimal design. The tolerances-relaxation integration method is refined to allow for long enough integration time that can ensure the solution of the pseudo-transient continuation simulation close to the steady state before the required tolerance is used. To ensure the gradient and Jacobian information available for optimisation, we allow a relaxed tolerance for the simulation in the sensitivity analysis mode when the simulation diverges under small tolerance. In addition, valid lower bounds on purity of the recycled entrainer and the vapour flow rate in column sections are imposed to improve computational efficiency. The computational results demonstrate that the extended hybrid algorithm can achieve better design of the EDWC compared to those in literature. The energy consumption can be reduced by more than 20% compared with existing literature report. In addition, the optimal design of the heat pump assisted EDWC is achieved using the improved hybrid algorithm for the first time.

关键词： design extractive dividing-wall column equation-oriented optimisation pseudo-transient continuation model hybrid algorithm

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深水钻井隔水导管挠曲方程和固有频率的计算及其研究

姜伟

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第5期页码 66-73

摘要：

从深水钻井应用的隔水导管的使用实际情况出发，应用弹塑性力学中的位移复分原理的Ritz法，考虑了隔水导管所受到的轴向张力T和隔水导管受力产生的倾角α以及由于自重q所产生的自重横向分力qsin α和轴向分力qcos α，建立了较为合理的挠曲方程，并且由此得到隔水导管的固有振动频率的简易计算求解方法。由于该挠曲方程结合了钻具的实际情况，其挠曲方程的约束条件采用的是一端铰支、一端自由的形式，因此其研究更接近实际情况，研究旨在为深水钻井隔水导管的合理使用设计和选择，提供一种更快捷实用的方法，对深水钻井作业有一定的指导意义。

关键词：深水钻井隔水导管挠曲方程固有频率形状函数

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Parametric analysis and design equation of ultimate capacity for unstiffened overlapped CHS K-joints

CHEN Yu, ZHAO Xianzhong, CHEN Yiyi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 107-115 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0014-x

摘要： A finite element model simulating an experiment on unstiffened, overlapped circular hollow structure (CHS) K-joints was generated and validated by comparing the ultimate capacities, deformation processes and failure modes of the experimental results. Using this model, the stress distribution, propagation of plasticity and the failure modes of overlapped joints with through-brace-in-compression and welded hidden seams were analyzed. The effect of geometric parameters, with or without hidden welds, and the loading hierarchy reversal of braces on the ultimate capacity of the joints were also studied. The results of finite element parametric analysis indicate that the brace-to-chord thickness ratio has relatively large effects on the failure mechanism and ultimate capacity of overlapped joints. It was also found that the absence of hidden welds has less significance on the ultimate capacity of through-brace-in-compression joints than through-brace-in tension joints. Finally, based on the design equation of gap joints, a formula predicting the ultimate capacity of overlapped CHS K-joints was derived by applying multivariate regression analysis. Results from the proposed design equation are consistent with experimental results.

关键词： regression analysis consistent unstiffened plasticity overlapped

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一种损伤演化方程的建立和几种层裂准则的推导

曹结东,李永池

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 40-45

摘要：

通过唯象分析和细观统计相结合的方法建立了一种韧性材料的损伤演化方程，从物理上对方程中的参数进行了合理的解释，并以此为依据推导了材料的便于工程应用的几种层裂准则，根据准则总结了一些有意义的层裂规律；通过层裂实验和数值模拟相结合的方法来确定材料参数，计算结果与实验结果较好的一致性验证了所建的损伤演化方程和推导的层裂准则是合理的，决定材料参数的方法是有效的。

关键词：损伤演化方程层裂准则数值模拟

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抛物形缓坡方程的数值研究

沈永明,郑永红,吴修广

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第3期页码 30-35

摘要：

对2种典型的抛物形缓坡方程进行比较系统的数值研究。通过对4种典型地形上的波浪变形的数值模拟，详细讨论了网格节点数对数值解精度的影响、模型对初始入射角的敏感程度、非线性项对数值结果的影响等。研究结果可为实际应用抛物形缓坡方程研究大区域复杂地形上的波浪传播提供一定的理论指导。

关键词：抛物形缓坡方程数值研究波浪

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聚酯材料状态方程的实验研究

林鹏,王长利,李焰,刘文祥,王等旺

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 63-66

摘要：

在单级轻气炮上对聚酯材料的激波状态方程进行了实验研究。最高撞击速度为526 m/s，相应在靶中得到的最高撞击压力为2.14 GPa。压力测试采用锰铜计，PVDF产生的压电信号用于判读激波速度。由实验结果拟合得到了聚酯材料的Hugoniot线性关系和多项式状态方程以及Grüneisen状态方程。

关键词：聚酯材料状态方程 Hugoniot 激波

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用改进的Boussinesq方程模拟潜堤上的波浪变形

郑永红,沈永明,吴修广,游亚戈

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 34-40

摘要：

研究了一种改进的Boussinesq方程，采用预报校正格式对该方程进行了数值离散，并对淹没潜堤上的波浪变形进行了数值模拟，从数值模拟结果和实测值的比较结果来看，该方程能较好地模拟波浪在潜堤上传播时波面的变形过程，可以用于实际中的波浪问题计算。这种改进的Boussinesq方程本身及其求解方法需做进一步的完善。研究结果为实际应用Boussinesq方程来研究复杂地形上的波浪传播提供一定的理论指导。

关键词：改进的Boussinesq方程数值模拟波浪变形潜堤

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计算管内湍动流体摩擦因数的显式新方程

王勇,阮奇

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第6期页码 83-88

摘要：

管内湍动流体摩擦因数是雷诺数和相对粗糙度的二元非线性函数，由Colebrook隐式方程计算摩擦因数要用迭代的方法求解，很不方便。为了得到形式简单、精度高的计算摩擦因数的显式方程，提出了二元非线性多项式智能拟合法。该法将二元非线性多项式转化成多元线性多项式并建立线性最小二乘法标准矩阵，用遗传算法结合矩阵法对多项式的项数、项型式项指数及项系数进行搜索得到最优的拟合函数式。用该法拟合了Colebrook方程解的数据，得到一个计算管内湍动流体摩擦因数的显式新方程。在雷诺数3.000≤Re≤10⁸、相对粗糙度0≤e/d≤0.05的范围内，该方程计算结果与Colebrook方程的平均偏差为0.5%，最大偏差不超过1.8%，与实验数据偏差为2.3%。新方程具有形式简单、精度高、适用范围广的优点，且便于简化成光滑管或阻力平方区等情况下的计算摩擦因数的方程。

关键词：湍动流动摩擦因数 Colebrook隐式方程遗传算法智能拟合法显式方程